Writing implement



Patented Sept. 7,1920.

w Mr w x 52% v 4 w m ATTORNEY c. J. APP. WRITING iMPLEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 14. I919.

- ,ing

CASPER J. APP, 0F LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA.

WRITING IMPLEMENT.

aaaaeao.

Application filed April 14, 1919.

ence to the writing implements known as ink pencils or stylographic pens, but is useful in connection with fountain pens.

The object ofthe invention is to nullify the effects of heat upon the air in the reservoir of the writing implement, such heat coming from the hand of the user, or from the body'of the user when thewriting implement is carried in the pocket.

ink supply is'low causes flooding at the writpoin't. The heating of the air is also the cause of sweating onland around the nib, and ordinarily fluid-tight Y joints are made leaky bythe expansion of the air in the res- The invention provides means for the automatic escape of confined air. so that choking andleakage due to the efiects of heat in expanding the air do not occur.

he invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description the accompanying drawing forming part of this-specification, with the understanding, however, that the-invention is not confined to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawing, but may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modifications mark no material departure from the salient features of the invention as ex pressed in the appended claims.

In the drawing: I Figure 1 is a longitudinal diametric section, with some parts in elevation, of a writin implement of the ink-pencil type.

'ig. 2 is a longitudinal diametric section on a larger scale than Fig. 1, showing some parts in section which appear in elevation in Fig. 1 and omitting someparts appearing in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of I Fig. 2.

Specification of Letters latent.

- illustrated in Such l1eat, acts throughthe air. in the ink reservoir preventing flow of the ink, and when the point.

plement is beingused for taken in connection with Patented Sept. "2,

1920. Serial No. 289,886.

Fig. 4 is'a section similar to. Fig. 3 but showing a modified form of the structure.

1g. 5 is a longitudinal elevation of a portion of the structure shown in Fig. 4.

F 1g, 6 is a longitudinal section of a stylographic pen provided with the attachment igs. 4 and 5. Fig. 7 is a view partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section of an ink pencil ofexisting type but modified by the application of the invention thereto.

In the present non-self-fiiling types of pens and ink pencils the process of filling the reservoir usually confines air in the'permanently closed end of the reservoir under the ink. -Vhen such air escapes it carries with it a film of ink that forms a bubble at the end nearest the pen or writing point warm, either by thehand in writing or by the body while the pen is in the pocket, expands andforces a film of ink out at the 0 h This is commonly'termed sweating.

carrying with it a film of ink which not air forces its. way out at the joints Frequently the expanding air, while the imwriting, acceler: ates the flow of ink, causing flooding at the point and blotting the work. I

In the structure shown in Figs. 1, '2 and 3,'there is shown. a barrel or handle 1 interiorly threaded at the front and rear ends 2 and 3 respectively, and between these ends and relatively close to the end 3 the barrel has an internal diametric diaphragm 4. Threaded into the end 2 is a nozzle 5 which maybe of customary construction and hence needs no special description. The point of the nozzle has a longitudinal passage 6 for a writing wire 7, the showing of Fig. 1 being that of a writing implement known as an ink pencil or stylographic pen.

Carried by and projecting through the diaphragm 4 is a tube 8 extending forwardly into the nozzle 5, and carried by the forward end of the tube is the rear end of a somewhat smaller tube 9 carrying the point, as will carrier for the writing A vibration of the wire 19 is set point 7 and serve to conduct surplus ink and bubbles away from be described. Carried by the diaphragm 4' in surrounding relation to the tube 8 is another tube 11 of less length than the tube 8 and open at the front end. Near the diaphragm .4: the tube 11 is pierced by a suitable number of holes 12.

The threaded end 3 of the barrel 1 is providedwith a hollow plug 13 and a cap-His provided to'slip on the plug be also fitted to the exterior of the nozzle 5. The cap 14: is provided with one'or'more air holes 15, as is customary, so that the cap may be placed on or removed from the pen without producing air pockets or suction.'

The plug 13 and diaphragm aprovide, between them, within the barrel 1, an overflow chamber or supplemental reservoir 16. Carried by and within the plug tube 17 with a perforation 18 near end of the, plug and that end of-the tube 17 remote from its support carries a short wire extension 19 through the intermediary of a flexible member 20. The tube 17 communicates with the exterior of the plug 13 byway of a 'small passage 21 in the plug. 7 The wire 19 carried by the connecting member 20 is placed in close relation to the rear open end of the of the wire'is to break any bubbles or films the rear of ink which may occur at the rear open end of the tube 8, and consequently may be made in any form, or of any material, by means of which such purpose maybe accomplished. upby the movements of the pen in writing, all of such movements being transmitted to the wire 19 through the intermediary of the flexible member 20. Thus any film or bubble tending to form atthe rear end of the tube 8 is instantaneously broken. i

Instead of providing a simple tube 11 with a series of perforations near the rear end close to the diajphragm 4 a tube 11 may be used, this tube being similar to the tube 11 except that between the perforations 12 it has a series of outstanding fins 22 defining channels each terminating near the rear end of the tube 11.' Thetube 11 with its fins 22 may be made ofsheet metalstamped intoshape or,may be made of any suitable material: However, Figs. 5 and 6 show thejend 25 of the tube 11*" is fixed in the diaphragm 4. \Vhen any of the parts are made of metal such .metal should be of an ink-proof type.

In Fig. 7 there is shown a means whereby an ink pencil 29 of known construction is provided with the invention, the construction of the invention being similar to that screwed into 13, which can 13 is a short where the tube is supported .a bubble and completely prevents flow tube 8. The purpose ink-resisting metal.

pin 19 mounted in a flexible member 20 in turn carried by a tube 17 having a perfora tion 18 therein. The tube 17 is mounted in the plug 33, which latter is provided with an air passage 21 leading to the atmosphere.

When a pen such as shown in Fig 1 is filled the nozzle 5 is removedand ink is poured into the barrel, but instead of imprisoning an air bubble at the inner end of the ink reservoir, as frequently happens in 'pens as ordinarily constructed, air finds free course through the perforations 12 into the tube 11 and out of the forward end thereof, thus avoiding any possibility of the formation of, any air bubbles in the pen barrel. In the non-self-filling types of pens and ink pencils the confined air, at the closed end sleeve' 32 remote from the plug 30 and carries a film-breaking of the barrel finds its way to the nozzle as of ink to the pen point. When confined air becomes warm from the hand of the user, or from-the body of the carrier while the pen is inthe pocket, a film of ink is often forced out of the point, this being termedsweating, or otherwise exudes from. the pen, whereby either soiling of the-clothing or of the hands results. Should expansion occur because of carried or because of the heat of the hand in the act of writing, ink will be forced'into the heat of the body when the pen is being the tube 8 through theperforation 10 and ultimately find its way into the supplemental reservoir or overflow chamber 16, air in the latter escaping to the atmosphere through the perforation 18 and tube 17. Should a bubble be' formed at the rear open end of the tube 8 it is met by the point or projection 19 and broken,the ink being deposited on. the walls of the overflow chamber 16 and so falls to find its way out of the pen and consequently neither sweating nor leaking happens. Furthermore; expansion of the air under the heat of the hand or of the body produces no pressure within the pen barrel. and there is no acceleration of the flow of ink causing flooding at the writing point.

The tube 11 is slightly larger than the tube 8 and is shorter, and, preferably, is made of Besides preventing trapping of air in filling, as' already referred to, the tubeprovides a circulation within the ink reservoir as the ink consumed provides more space for air. This air would expand when heated by the hand, resulting inan the barrel, the air .idly supported by the accelerated flow of ink to the point, but the tube 11 also provides room for the expansion of the air and the space between the tubes 8 andll being much cooler than the space in the ink reservoir adjacent to the walls of will there contract and prevent the acceleration of ink flowing to the point. Since the tube work to perform it may be made of very thin material and hence will not displace much ink, and being simple in construction can be economically manufactured.

Of course the tube construction shown in Figs. 4 and 5 or other construction of like function may-be substituted for the tube 11, with the advantage of providing many channels for the flow of ink and air.

The structure of Figs. 4 and 5 has advantages over the tube 11 because it prevents the confined air as a whole from becoming heated by the hand or body and the reservoir can be filled without regard .to the angleat which it is held.

lVhile the bubble breaking device, shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 7 appears as a three-section structure, such constructionis not obligatory for any arrangement by which the bubbles may be broken, formed, will answer.

What is claimed is: 1. Ina writing implement self-filling type,

as quickly as of the nonan ink reservoir closed at one end, and means for conducting air bubbles formed in the closed end during the filling operation away from thatend and toward the filling end, said means being rig closed end of the reservoir. i

2. A writing implement comprising an ink reservoir, a writing device atone end of the reservoir, a diap ragm closingthe other end, and :1 tube formingan air duct rigidly'connected to the diaphragm and extending from the rear toward the front of the reservoir and open at the front end to the reservoir, the rear end being provided with. a series of perforations arranged in advance of the connection of the tube to the diaphragm, whereby that end also is open to the reservoir.

8. A writing implement comprising an ink reservoir, a writing device at one end of the reservoir, a diaphragm closing the other end, and a tube forming an air duct connected to the diaphragm and extending from the rear toward the front of the reservoir and open at the front end to the reservoir, the rear end being provided with perforations arranged in advance of the connection of the tube to the diaphragm, and the outer face of the tube having channels formed thereon.

4. In a writing implement of the non-selffilling type, an ink reservoir closed at one end, a tube for conducting air bubbles formed in the closed endduring the filling at the closed end of the 11 has no mechanical operation away. from that end, toward the filling end, said tube being rigidly supported the reservoir and being closed by its support, said tube being spaced I from the filling end and from the reservoir wall, perforations provided in the tube near I rigidly supported end, the tube being open at the fillingend, whereby when the filling implement is introduced into the reservoir to fill the same the ink passes down into the space between'the bubble-conducting tube and the reservoir walls and then moves into said tube.

A writing implement comprising an ink reservoir, a' hollow carrier for a writing point, said carrier extending lengthwise of the reservoir and having an opening at the forward end into the 'reservoir, and said carrier extending through the rear wall of the reservoir and there open, a supplemental reservoir at the rear of the ink reservoir receiving the open end of the carrier, and means for conducting bubbles; formed in the rear end of the reservoir away from said end, said means surrounding and being spaced away from said carrier.

6. 'A writing implement comprising'an ink reservoir, a hollow carrier for a writing I point, said carr1er extendmg lengthwise of the reservoir and having an opening at the forward end into the reservoir, and said carrier extending through the rear wall of the reservoir and there open, and a supplemental reservoir a-t the rear of the ink reservoir receiving the open end of the carrier,;the ink reservoir also containing a tube sur rounding the carrier and supported by the said-rear wall and opening at both ends into the ink reservoir. I

7. A writing implement coinprising'a hollow body member forming a reservoir, said body member having a nozzle at one end, forming the front end of the writing implement, and a wall at the rear end defining the corresponding end of the reservoir, said body having an extension at the rear end and a closure therefor defining a supplemental reservoir, a tube extending lengthwise of the reservoir and through the wall at the rear of the reservoir into the supplemental reservoir and constituting at the front end a carrier for a writing device extending through the nozzle into writing position, said tube opening into the reservoiradjacent to the writing device and at its rear end opening into the supplemental reservoir, and another tube in the main reservoir and carried by the rear wall of the reservoir in surrounding relation to the first-named tube, said second-named tube being freely open at the free end adjacent to the nozzle and having perforations at the rear end within the main'reservoir.

8. A writing implement comprising a holrear end within the main reservoir,

body member having a nozzle at one end forming the front of the writing implement and a wall at the rear end defining the corresponding end of the reservoirfsaid body having/an-extension at the rear end and a closure therefor defining a supplemental reservoir, -a tube extending lengthwise of the reservoir and through the wall at the rear of g the reservoir into the supplemental reservoir and constitutlng at the front end a carrier for a writing device extending through the nozzle into writing pos1tion,sa1d tube opening into the reservoir ad acent vice and at its rear end opening into the "supplemental reservoir, and another tube in the main reservoir and carried bythe rear wallof the reservoir'in surroundin relationto the first-named tube, said second named tubebeing freely open at the front end adjacent to the nozzle and having perforations at the and said second named tube having channels formed on its surface. i

9. A writing implement comprising 11 ink reservoir, a tube longitudinally dispos d i n.the reservoir and opening through the rear wall ofthe reservoir, said implement also having a supplemental reservoir to the rear of the'main reservoir and into which the tube opens and a member in the second reservoir terminating short of the rear open end'of the tube'for causing the breaking of films or bubbles formed at the 'rear end of plement at the rear of the main reservoir,

- and another tube in the supplemental reservoir opening into the latter and to the atmosphere, said last-named tube having a member extending toward the rear open end of the first-named tube but stopping short thereof to cause the rupturing of a film or bubble at the rear open end of the firstnamed tube within the supplemental reservoir.

11. A writing implement-comprising a body member forming a reservoir with a nozzle at the forward end and a wall at the rear end, a tube extending lengthwise of the reservoir and through thereof and opening into the reservoir at the nozzle end of the tube and there carrying a writing device extending to the exte-" rior of the nozzle, a supplemental reservoir carried by the body of the writing implement at the, rear of the main reservoir, said to the writing deacent to the the rear wall tube opening into said supplemental reser- .voir, and another tube in the supplemental reservoir opening into the latter and to the tube havinga said last-named atmosphere,

' member extending toward the supplemental reservoir opening of the first-named tube but stopping short thereof to cause the rupturing of a film or bubble at said opening of the first-namedttube within the supplemental reservoir, said extension including a flexible portion to permit agitation of the film-breaking device.- I

12. A writing implement comprising a tubular reservoir body member with a rearwardextension thereof, a division wall between the body member and rearward'extension forming a supplemental reservoir, a

nozzle for the front end of the reservoir, a plug for the rear end of the supplemental reservoir, a tubular member mounted in and extending through the division wall and at the forward end entering the nozzle and there carrying a Writing point projecting from the front of the nozzle, said tube adwriting point having a pas sage therethrough opening into the main reservoir and also having a passage near its rear end opening into said supplemental reservoir, and another tube carried-'by the rear end ofv the plug and communicating through said rear: nlug end with the atmosphere and through its side passage with the supplemental reservoir, said last-named tube having a prolongation toward the-rear end of the first-named tube but stopping short thereof and there provided with an agitatable extremity in position to rupture afilm or bubble formed at'the rear open end of the first-named tube. h

13. A- writing implement comprising an ink reservoir, a writing device attached'to the reservoir, a tube within the reservoir and extending from the writing device to the rear end of the reservoir, and a bubblebreaking device attached to the rear of the implement and stopping short of the rear end of said tube, said bubble breaking device being vibrated by the movements of the pen in writing. 7

14. A writing-implement comprising an ink reservoir, a writing device attached to the reservoir, a tube within the reservoir and extending from the writing device beyond .the rear end of the reservoir, a suplemental reservoir at the rear end of the ink reservoir and into which the tube opens, and a bubble-breaking device located within the supplemental reservoir and adapted to swing freely at the rear end of the tube, said bubble breaking device being set in motion by the movements of'thej pen in writing. I

15. A writing implement comprising an ink reservoir, a writing device attached to the. reservoir, :1 tube within the reservoir and extending from the front to the rear end thereof, and a bubble-breakingdevice lncluding a wire and an elastic member holding the Wire in position to swing freely near the rear end of the tube.

16. A Writing implement comprising an ink reservoir; the reservoir, end of the reservoir, the diaphragm Within the reservoir; fins running longitudinally with and extending a Writing device at; one end-of a diaphragm closing the other a tube v supported by radially of the tube from the outer surface thereof, said tube being open to the reser voir near its supported end and also at its opposite end In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signa ture.

CASPER J APP. Witnesses:

N. M. TRENT, B F. Consuls 

